Narcotic Tolerance and Addiction

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Have you ever had a family member, friend, or someone you know that has gone through a surgery or just had chronic untreatable pain?  Every day people suffer from excruciating pain and we as  pharmacists or physicians can only help them minimally.  Throughout my 17 years of being a pharmacist, I have seen many patients who slowly developed tolerance towards pain killers and increase daily dose intake.  The most common pain killer amongst narcotics  is Norco which is a combination of acetaminophen and hydrocodone.   The usual dose is 1-2 tablets every 4 hours and not to use more than 8 tablets in 24 hours.  However, after taking this dose for a week or two, many patients develop tolerance and most often the frequency becomes every 2 hours instead of every 4 hours.   This is where the warnings of overdose,  liver toxicity, and even death become more real.  Overdose symptoms may also include extreme drowsiness, pinpoint pupils, cold and clammy skin, muscle weakness, fainting, weak pulse, slow heart rate, coma, blue lips, shallow breathing, or no breathing.   It has been reported that over 100 million American adults suffer chronic pain.  Every day I see patients with chronic pain and different chronic pain types: pain associated with chronic musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis; and neuropathic pain, such as diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, postlaminectomy pain, and small fiber neuropathy.   Every day I ask myself how do  I address their pain, how do I   provide the greatest benefits for my patients  with minimal risks?  As with every medication, I evaluate their risks and benefits before I hand it to my patients.

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